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javascript栏目介绍如何提高代码可读性的方法。
每个人都喜欢可读性高的代码，因为高可读性的代码总是能让人眼前一亮！
就好比你向周围的人说：快看，老师！周围的人可能不屑一顾：老师有什么好看的？但如果你说：快看，苍老师！那可能很多人会被你这句话所吸引。一字之差，结果截然不同。
代码可读性的魅力也是这样，高可读性的代码，让别人抑郁理解，能够大量减少后期的维护时间。今天总结了10条常用的提高代码可读性的小方法，望大家不吝赐教。
1.语义化命名
在声明变量时，尽量让自己的变量名称具有清晰的语义化，使他人一眼便能够看出这个变量的含义，在这种情况下，可以减少注释的使用。
示例：
复制// bad 别人看到会疑惑：这个list是什么的集合？const list = [Teacher.Cang, Teacher.Bo, Teacher.XiaoZe] // good 别人看到秒懂：原来是老师们的集合！const teacherList = [Teacher.Cang, Teacher.Bo, Teacher.XiaoZe]复制代码
2.各种类型命名
对于不同类型的变量值，我们可以通过一定的方式，让别人一看看上去就知道他的值类型。
一般来说，对于boolean类型或者Array类型的值，是最好区分的。例如：boolean类型的值可以用isXXX、hasXXX、canXXX等命名；Array类型的值可以用xxxList、xxxArray等方式命名。
复制// badlet belongToTeacher = true;let teachers = [Teacher.Cang, Teacher.Bo, Teacher.XiaoZe];// goodlet isTeacher = true;let teacherList = [Teacher.Cang, Teacher.Bo, Teacher.XiaoZe];复制代码
3.为常量声明
我们在阅读代码时，如果你突然在代码中看到一个字符串常量或者数字常量，你可能要花一定的时间去理解它的含义。如果使用const或者enum等声明一下这些常量，可读性将会有效得到提升。
示例：
复制// bad 别人看到会很疑惑：这个36D的含义是什么if (size === 36D) { console.log(It is my favorite);}// good 别人看到秒懂：36D是最喜欢的大小const FAVORITE_SIZE = 36D;if (size === FAVORITE_SIZE) { console.log(It is my favorite);}复制代码
4.避免上下文依赖
在遍历时，很多人会通过value、item甚至v等命名代表遍历的变量，但是当上下文过长时，这样的命名可读性就会变得很差。我们要尽量做到使读者即使不了解事情的来龙去脉的情况下，也能迅速理解这个变量代表的含义，而不是迫使读者去记住逻辑的上下文。
复制const teacherList =[Teacher.Cang,Teacher.Bo,Teacher.XiaoZe]// bad 别人看到循环的末尾处的item时需要在去上面看上下文理解item的含义teacherList.forEach(item => { // do something// do something// do …………
doSomethingWith(item);})// good 别人看到最后一眼就能明白变量的意思是老师teacherList.forEach(teacher => { // do something// do something// do …………
doSomethingWith(teacher);})复制代码
5.避免冗余命名
某些情况的变量命名，例如给对象的属性命名，直接命名该属性的含义即可，因为本身这个属性在对象中，无需再添加多余的前缀。
复制// badconst teacher = { teacherName: Teacher.Cang, teacherAge: 37, teacherSex: female,};console.log(person.personName)// goodconst teacher = { name: Teacher.Cang, age: 37, sex: female,};console.log(teacher.name)复制代码
6.使用参数默认值
相比短路，使用ES6的参数默认值能让人更轻易地理解未传参数时参数的赋默认值。
复制// bad 需要多看一步才能理解是赋默认值function getTeacherInfo(teacherName) {
teacherName = teacherName ||Teacher.Cang;// do...}// good 一看就能看出是赋默认值function getTeacherInfo(teacherName = Teacher.Cang) { // do...}复制代码
7.回调函数命名
很多人命名回调函数，尤其是为页面或者DOM元素等设置事件监听的回调函数时，习惯用事件的触发条件进行命名，这样做其实可读性是比较差的，别人看到只知道你出发了这个函数，但却需要花时间去理解这个函数做了什么。
我们在命名回调函数式，应当以函数所要执行的逻辑命名，让别人清晰地理解这个回调函数所要执行的逻辑。
复制// bad 需要花时间去看代码理解这个回调函数是做什么的function handleClick() { // do...}// good 一眼就能理解这个回调函数是提交表单;function handleSubmitForm() { // do...}复制代码
8.减少函数的参数个数
一个函数如果参数的数量太多，使用的时候就难以记住每个参数的含义了，并且函数多个参数有顺序限制，我们在调用时需要去记住每个次序的参数的含义。通常情况下我们一个函数的参数个数在1-2个为佳，尽量不要超过三个。
当函数的参数比较多时，我们可以将同一类的参数使用对象进行合并，然后将合并后的对象作为参数传入，这样在调用该函数时能够很清楚地理解每个参数的含义。
复制// bad 调用时传的参数难以理解含义，需要记住顺序function createTeacher(name, sex, age, height, weight) { // do...}
createTeacher(Teacher.Cang,female,37,155,45);// good 调用时虽然写法略复杂了点，但各个参数含义一目了然，无需刻意记住顺序function createTeacher({name, sex, age, height, weight}) { // do...}
createTeacher({ name:Teacher.Cang, sex:female, age:37, height:155, weight:45})复制代码
9.函数拆分
一个函数如果代码太长，那么可读性也是比较差的，我们应该尽量保持一个函数只处理一个功能，当逻辑复杂时将函数适当拆分。
复制// badfunction initData() { let resTeacherList = axios.get(/teacher/list);
teacherList = resTeacherList.data;constparams={ pageSize:20, pageNum:1,}; let resMovieList = axios.get(/movie/list,params);
movieList = resMovieList.data;}// goodfunction getTeacherList() { let resTeacherList = axios.get(/teacher/list);
teacherList = resTeacherList.data;}function getMovieList(){constparams={ pageSize:20, pageNum:1,}; let resMovieList = axios.get(/movie/list,params);
movieList = resMovieList.data;}function initData(){
getTeacherList();
getMovieList();}复制代码
10.注重写注释
不写注释应该是很多开发者的一个恶习，看别人不写注释的代码也是很多开发者最讨厌的事情。所以，无论是为了自己还是别人，都请注重编写注释。
复制// bad 不写注释要花大量时间理解这个函数的作用function formatNumber(num) { if (num < 1000) { return num;}else{return`${(num / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`}}// good 有了注释函数的作用和用法一目了然/***@param num
*@return num | x.xk
*@example formatNumber(1000);*@description*小于1k不转换*大于1k转换为x.xk
*/function formatNumber(num) { if (num < 1000) { return num;
} else { return `${(num /1000).toFixed(1)}k`
}
}复制代码
提高代码可读性的代码风格其实还有很多，以上笔者主要从变量命名、函数和注释三个方面，总结了10条比较常用的提高代码可读性的方法，希望对大家有所帮助。如有补充，欢迎评论。
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